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建築繁殖場 (Interbreeding Field) 作為一個台灣建築團體的名稱,她所指涉的不僅僅是一個建築學術單位而已,更重要的,是她在面對我們身處的後工業社會情境中,作為一種面對建築與場所間所採取的環境態度。建築繁殖場作為一個實驗性的母體,是由呂理煌於1998年所規劃設計,並於隔年開始由呂理煌及其指導的台南藝術大學建築所研究生親手逐漸地打造出來。在這一場建築實驗探索中,呂理煌與其學生放棄了建築教育中的紙上設計傳統,轉向直接身體力行地觸及建築實務的建造活動。經過三年集體的努力之後,建築繁殖場及其實驗成果獲得了2002年遠東建築獎的肯定。
作為一個從事建築探索的基地,建築繁殖場的外型並不特別地引人注目。雖然其鋼骨結構與金屬浪板屋頂的身軀,正如同大多數南台灣鄉村地景中,隨處可見的輕工業工廠建築形式一般平凡,但是其巨大弧形屋頂所呈現出的極簡式美學態度,卻透露出她不願僅僅是一個衰退產業的「工廠」而已,而是試圖在人與技藝、工業材料與自然環境,及現代化與區域化的衝突與矛盾中,冀望能復甦某些逐漸被遺忘、或是忽視、犧牲掉的一些基本價值。建築繁殖場的母體建築是座落在一片原野中的小山丘旁,正如同其他金屬浪板建成的工廠建築與其周邊環境的關係一般,這正是現今典型南台灣的鄉村地景圖式。這是早期台灣由農業社會轉型到輕工業社會之現代化過程的結果。只是在輕工業如今逐漸退出台灣經濟舞台的同時,這樣的發展遺跡就變成了南台灣鄉村地景上的一塊醜陋傷疤,而這並不僅僅是地景美學上的問題,這傷疤也在提醒我們,這個追求經濟現代化的過程是如何深深烙印並破壞了傳統農業社會中的人、土地與勞動間的和諧關係。這不僅只是一個建築美學上的問題,更重要的是,她是一個鄉村聚落破碎化以及人-地關係日益失落的問題,換言之,這正是二十世紀德國哲學家海德格所提出的「定居(dwelling)」的失落。
建築繁殖場便是試圖去面對這個現代化過程中遺留給我們的問題,並尋找一種面對未來社會結構的新建築環境態度。藉由強調手工勞作與肉體經驗的重要性,建築繁殖場鼓勵其成員自身邊周遭環境中探索、經驗其特殊的紋理與情境。透過身體的經驗感知,年輕的建築藝術家們將重建自我與土地、環境的關係,並在這一重新認知的過程中,找到屬於自我在當下時空中的定位。在建築繁殖場開放的框架系統中,成員們得以自由地穿梭、開發他們自己與周邊環境的對話關係,並在這從人造母體到自然環境間的來回迭代中,型塑出人與環境間一種特殊的辯證關係。在這樣的環境中,每天進出建築繁殖場母體的經驗變成一種充滿儀式性的過程。學生們必須迂迴地繞過小山丘才得以到達其工作場所,然而在這條路徑上,母體建築卻只有顯露一小部份的屋頂隱匿在自然的背後,暗示著建築的存在。一直要到登上丘頂,環繞在山坡與樹林間的母體,才對訪客們顯露其自身的面貌。而學生們的空間實驗,在這個動線過程中,則是更隱藏在母體後方的樹林與山坡之間,等待被開發。藉由這種在工作過程中一種類似儀式性的迭代擺盪,這種自然-建築-實驗場的辯證經驗將會刻畫到成員們的身體記憶當中,並逐漸形成其特有建築經驗的一部份。
在建築繁殖場中,所有學生都將要面對這個介於母體與環境間無止盡的辯證過程,並試圖要在其中做出回應。新一代的成員必須面對前人留下的發展、對話脈絡,去思考並檢驗他們所可能具有的意義,並為此做出自己對於母體與環境關係的空間宣言。建築繁殖場作為一個主要的架構,是用來輔助學生們定出一個參考的座標值來安放、定位自己的角色與位置。正如同每代學生均有其獨特性與差異性一般,他們的互動關係也會帶給繁殖場不同的刺激與養分,進而引導這個母體及其整體氛圍,產生各種變易、異化,甚至是突變的可能性。這便是建築繁殖場所一脈秉持的精神與態度,事實上,這樣的過程也正是當代自然與都市地景間的一種對話與互動關係的縮影。新一代的成員是如何與這個既有的母體溝通與互動?更有甚者,他們的參與又如何能豐富這個母體的各種面向?換言之,在引進新建築的過程中,如何保有新生體與母體間的互動關係,並進而為其成員們創造出一個有意義的空間、場所語境?這些問題,都是建築繁殖場在發展其建築實驗探索中,所持續關注的議題。
建築繁殖場中所呈現出多元而複雜的挑戰,事實上僅是當今建築師們所面對全球多元文化複雜性問題的一個縮影而已。這是因為全球化的影響下,各種多元的意義詮釋與表現、再現行為間的交互表義及再論述,所共同交織出一種混雜的當代文化現象。各種瞬息萬千的變化與資訊,將會一直影響著我們的理解及感受,而建築師們便要試圖重新詮釋這些不斷更新的環境條件,重新標示出具有意義的時空、場所座標。因此新世紀所面對的這種「殖入」的過程並不僅僅是單純的「保留」或是「刪除」的問題,正如同上一世紀所面對的「傳統/現代」之矛盾困境也不是一個非此即彼的單選題。隨著時間的累積,空間結構本身的改變需求,或是文化過程中的轉型問題,都會使得原本的建築母體 (如建築繁殖場),產生其根本上的質變,或是變態。因此,多元複合的思考,便是建築繁殖場所一脈秉持的哲學觀與實踐原則。在面對台灣特殊的後殖民情境下,如何面對殖民現代化的歷史包袱,以及面對新世紀全球化文化侵襲下的人文地理關係,便是新一代建築師所要面對的難題。面對新時代的考驗 (以及舊時代的包袱),建築繁殖場則是試圖藉由這樣混雜的演化過程,重建人與土地環境間的關係,並逐漸書寫出自己的發展歷史與價值觀。冀望在這個演化過程裡,得以幫助新一代建築工作者更自由地去探討建築與環境的關係並建立其批判性的思考,進而型塑出具有台灣當代特色的一套建築文化價值體系,建立自主的建築觀。
也許,我們可以期待,這個座落在充滿殖民與現代化傷痕土地上的建築繁殖場 (Interbreeding Field) ,將能逐漸培育出具有台灣特殊類種的美麗花朵,迎風綻放。 |
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Interbreeding Field as a name of an architectural group from Taiwan, it is not only referred to an architectural academic institute, but also relates to an environmental attitude toward architecture and locus within contemporary post-industrial society. This is an experimental matrix, which was first planned and designed by Li H. LU in 1998, and afterwards built single-handedly by Lu and the graduate students under his guidance at the Graduate Institute of Architecture, Tainan National University of the Arts in 1999. Lu and his students reject the traditional studio paper work but appeal to the direct labour of building activities. After three years of group efforts, Interbreeding Field and their experiments won the Far Eastern Architecture Design Award in 2002.
As a site for the architectural explorations, the formal representation of Interbreeding Field is not conspicuous at the first glance. Although the metal structure and the corrugated-metal roof just like other common light industrial factory buildings in the southern Taiwan rural landscape, the big curviform roof with its minimalist aesthetic expression tells its uncommon ambitions to be not just a "factory" of declined industry, but trying to revive certain values between the relationship of man and craft, industrial material and natural environment, modernization and regionalization. The matrix structure of Interbreeding Field is located at the edge of a hillside and surrounded by wilderness-the rural landscapes. Just as other corrugated-metal-made factory buildings that located in the wilderness, this is typical and common rural landscape in southern Taiwan. It is the result of modernisation at the early stage of transformation from agricultural economics to light industrial economics. But as the light industry was fading out from the economic stage of Taiwan, these structures became terrible scares not only on the rural landscape, but also on the traditional relationship between man, labour and the earth. Here we are not only facing an aesthetic problem of architectural representation, but more importantly is the fragmenting of rural communities and the loss of human-earth relations-a loss of Martin Heidegger's "dwelling."
Interbreeding Field is trying to face these historied problems of modernisation and to find a new attitude toward the future society. By emphasizing the importance of physical and manual practicing, Interbreeding Field encourages her participating members to discover and experience the textures and conditions imbedded in the surroundings. Through the use of his/her own bodies, the young artists may re-establish their own relationship with the earth, the environment and to find out their own position within their time and place. Via the open framework of the matrix structure, the Interbreeding Field supplies free accesses to its rural surroundings and forms a reciprocal relationship between artificial structures and natural environment. Walking to the matrix every day thus becomes a ritualised process. Students have to walk across the hill circuitously to approach their lab, which only a small part of roof can be viewed from the route. After climbing to the peak of the hill, the matrix, which surrounded by the woods and mounds, now reveals herself to the visitors. The students?experimental sites, in this circulation, are even more far behind the matrix. They are hided within the woods and mounds and waited to be explored. In accordance with the manual labour process central to this ritualised working routine, the participating members would then be able to write such value and aesthetic view into their body and form a permanent architectural memory of their own.
In Interbreeding Field, all the participating students have to face the endless dialectic between the matrix and the environment and to make their own reactions. The younger generation have to face the existing context that built by the predecessors to make their own statement about the matrix and the environment. The main structure of Interbreeding Field as the matrix of a framework is to assist the students in building a referent for self-positioning. As every generation of the students may differ and vary, what they bring along or implement may also create change, alienation or even mutation to the matrix and its atmosphere in general. In this sense, the Interbreeding Field is variable and always under-construction; she is an endless story. This kind of attitude and spirit that Interbreeding Field has accentuated is in fact corresponding to the constantly changing or transforming Nature and cityscape. How does one conduct a communication and interaction with the matrix and, furthermore, to enrich the latter? Or, in the process of breeding new architecture, how is it to maintain the inter-linkage between the newborn and the matrix to create a meaningful context for its tenants? Both have been the major concerns of the Interbreeding Field.
The various challenges in the Interbreeding Field are just as the simplified representation of the real challenges that contemporary architects have to face. It is because the multiple exchanges of interpretations and expressions have constituted a hybrid phenomenon in this highly globalised world. Likewise, such change would also pose an influence on those yet to come in terms of how the latter may feel, understand and reinterpret the external environments they are about to encounter. Such process of interbreeding is never simply a decision of "to save" or "to delete", just as the dilemma of tradition vs. modern in the last century cannot be an either-or question. As time proceeds, the need for space changes, the cultural process transforms, and the architectural matrix such as Interbreeding Field would ultimately come into a metamorphosis with distinct footprints. Thus, multiple, composite thinking has become a key philosophy in the creation and building of architecture at Interbreeding Field. Under Taiwan's special postcolonial conditions, how to face the challenges of colonial/modernisational heritages and the globalised cultural hegemony is a crucial question for nowadays architects. In this sense, Interbreeding Field is trying to help the younger generation to explore their perspectives and critical thinking through the endless dialectic hybridity. In this evolution process, Interbreeding Field and her participants are gradually forming and writing their own culture, value system, aesthetics and history of architecture with a distinctive contemporary Taiwanese character.
Interbreeding Field, which located on the most sorrowful land of colonial and modernisation histories, where we can expect that the most distinctive flowers may be going to grow.
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